COMPUTER NETWORKS EXPLAINED: LAN VS MAN VS WAN
Computer networks play a crucial role in ensuring the efficiency of many businesses and are a crucial part of our daily lives. However, comprehending the functioning of these networks, especially on a large or global scale, can be challenging.
You may have encountered the acronyms WAN, LAN, MAN, and CAN. They’re not just a series of words that rhyme for technicians’ amusement. These terms form the basis of networking. This article will delve into each type of network, explaining what they are and how they operate, to enhance your understanding of computer networks and their underlying infrastructure.
WHAT IS A COMPUTER NETWORK?
A computer network is a group of computers linked together to share resources and exchange information using communication protocols. These connected devices can transfer data wirelessly or through physical connections, depending on the technology, network size, and distance between them.
Technology is interconnected through nodes and links. Nodes are devices that connect computers, like switches, servers, printers, surveillance equipment, and even computers themselves. Links are the means of transmission that connect the computers, such as cables or optical fibers for wired connections, and open-air for wireless networks. The size and geographical reach of a network determines its type.
PAN (PERSONAL AREA NETWORK)
A Personal Area Network (PAN) is the smallest type of network, typically connecting two devices used by one person. Examples include Bluetooth connections between headphones and a cell phone, or between a computer and a printer. PANs typically cover a small area and can be established using USB, Bluetooth, and WIFI, among others. You likely use a PAN connection daily without realizing it. The main differences between PANs and larger networks are their scope, connected devices, and power.
LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK)
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network between two or more computers within a building or in close proximity. LANs can be wired or wireless based on the IT setup and network size and complexity.
They are ideal for households or small businesses that need to connect devices within a single office or building. LANs are cost-effective and offer fast and efficient connections, but are limited by geography. For a wider network, it may be worth considering other options.
MAN (METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK)
The Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a network that spans a metropolitan region, which can be a single large city, multiple buildings in a large area, or multiple cities or towns. The term “metropolitan” in the title refers to the size of the network, which is larger than a Local Area Network (LAN) but smaller than a Wide Area Network (WAN). Academic institutions have their own version of a MAN, referred to as a Campus Area Network (CAN), specifically for a school or university campus.
Typically, MANs are made up of networks from various organizations instead of being controlled by just one company. They typically use fiber-optic cables connecting LAN networks or through “dark fiber” to function.
“Dark fiber” refers to previously unused fiber optic cables that have the capacity to transmit data. These cables can be rented out to companies for setting up and operating a MAN connection. They are mostly owned by private-sector internet service providers.
Because of its smaller size, MAN is more efficient than a WAN connection, making it a good option for medium to large businesses with several offices or buildings within a limited area. If it’s accessible, MAN is usually a more productive and cost-effective choice for creating a network for larger companies.
WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK)
WAN, or Wide Area Network, is the largest network connection available and can offer worldwide connections to businesses with overseas facilities. WAN doesn’t have a central location, allowing devices to be accessed and information to be shared globally. However, due to its size and capabilities, the WAN network is the costliest network option for businesses globally.
WAN is set up by service providers and rented out to companies, the government, or the general public. It is managed by certified networking experts and crucial IT infrastructure. Getting access to a WAN network can come in various ways, but typically, access is provided through a VPN wireless network, cellular network, or internet access.
Although WAN is the most costly network option, it is essential for international business. For companies with multiple facilities across a specific country or worldwide, the cost may be a necessary investment for the exchange of information among employees and departments globally.
LAN vs MAN vs WAN
Throughout this article, we have discussed cost and efficiency, but the advantages or disadvantages of each must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. If your company operates from one location, setting up a LAN connection is the ideal choice. However, when your organization has multiple facilities, MAN and WAN can become critical to the smooth operation of your business.
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